Prof.(Dr.) Nagalaxmi M Raman *
Russia will provide fierce resistance
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| Courtsey : BBC.com |
In the early days of the war in Ukraine, a rapid Russian advance plunged Kherson province into darkness. What little is known about life there comes from refugees who dare to escape, reaching relative safety in front-line towns like Zelenodolsk. They come any way they can: by foot, bike, boat, in wheelchairs. One woman was dragged by her son on a carpet. At one point, nearly 1,000 a day were arriving. Destroyed bridges and increased risks mean the daily count has dwindled to single digits. But a vast yard of abandoned bicycles, wheelchairs and baskets on the edge of Zelenodolsk stands as a memorial to the lives left behind—temporarily, so those who have fled hope.
The most recent
arrivals talk of intense fighting as Ukraine readies itself to counter-attack
from the west, near Mykolaiv, and the north, from towns like Zelenodolsk. Vlad
Milin, 31, and Olha Shelemba, 26, said that shelling had become so relentless
in their village, Dovhove, they decided to risk everything and travel with
their five young children in a boat, then navigate country fields and mined
roads to safety. There was little point in watching the battle unfold further,
they said. “Neither side is going to give up.”
Kherson, a gateway to
Crimea, is the only
regional capital that Russia has managed to capture since the war began on
February 24th. Just as important to Russia’s southern strategy is its
occupation of neighbouring Kakhovka, on the left bank of the Dnipro, where a
dam provides the annexed peninsula’s water. The whole region is an agricultural
powerhouse, providing tomatoes, watermelons, sunflowers and soyabeans. For
these reasons and more, Ukraine is prioritising efforts to retake it. The
country’s forces can already boast tactical successes. A military-intelligence
officer says that forward units are now within sniper range (a kilometre or so)
of Kherson’s outer suburbs. “The next week or two will be even more
interesting,” he promises.
Whatever is under way
does not yet appear to be a full-fledged counter-offensive. Ukraine remains focused
on halting Russia’s steady
advance in the east—on July 2nd, its troops retreated from Lysychansk in Luhansk
province—and its southern grouping does not enjoy the three-to-one advantage
strategists recommend for a successful offensive. Soldiers complain of a
critical shortage of ammunition and infantry. “There is a tendency by our
bosses to overstate success on the battlefield,” says Banderas, the nom de guerre of a Ukrainian reconnaissance
commander. That could change only if more Western rocket systems are used in
the southern theatre, he added. Currently only a handful of M777 howitzers are
deployed there.
Where the Ukrainians
are pushing, the Russians are fighting back hard. Serhiy, a Ukrainian
territorial-defence soldier working behind Russian lines in Vysokopillya, just
across from Zelenodolsk, says the enemy has built reinforced bunkers under the
ground. When they try to push the Russians out, they return in greater numbers.
“Their ten becomes a hundred,” he says. One village base has four air-defence
units defending it. Ukraine’s task has been hindered, the soldier complains, by
locals who did not flee the occupation and are being used by Russian troops as
human shields: “We can’t shoot at our own people.”
A handful of locals
are collaborating with the enemy, he says. Girls as young as 15 have been
recruited by the Russians. In early June, Serhiy’s company discovered a
40-year-old artillery spotter during a random search. The man’s near-clean
mobile phone gave him away. The phone had just one computer-game app installed.
Closer inspection revealed the game was, in fact, a tool to record co-ordinates
and receive cryptocurrency payments. “The bastard had mapped out our hardware
movements over the last month,” he says.
The exposed lowlands
of Kherson mean that any Ukrainian advance there feels the full force of
Russian artillery. There is already talk of serious losses in the areas
immediately south of Zelenodolsk. An attempt to cross the Inhulets river at the
village of Davydiv Brid in May—essential for a second-prong attack on
Kakhovka—was particularly costly. “They were baited into the line of fire,”
says Victoria, a farmer who lived in Davydiv Brid until it became impossible in
mid-May. “A lot of our men lost their lives.”
The 38-year-old
fidgets as she recounts her own escape. The cue to leave came when Grad rockets
landed in the farmyard. She jumped in a car and joined a convoy of a hundred
vehicles that had been waiting to pass over the bridge, which has since been
destroyed. Russian soldiers gave the go-ahead to cross, but as the convoy
approached Ukrainian positions on the other side, it was shelled. To this day,
it is unclear who fired. Ukrainian authorities say between 20 and 50 people
died. Their bodies have not been recovered.
Lucky to be alive, Victoria has not moved far from danger. She is again
living near the front line in Zelenodolsk, housed there by local volunteers.
Like many of Kherson’s mostly poor refugees, she has no money for anything
else. She left everything behind in the village: her house, her cows, her
chickens. But she insists that not all
the Russian soldiers were villains, and she even felt sorry for the youngest
ones. Some were fellow Ukrainians, conscripted “after going out to buy bread”
in occupied Luhansk, in the east. Those boys paid for everything they took from
the village shop, she says—first in hryvnia, later in roubles—and even said
“thank you” in Ukrainian. But when Russian positions came under serious attack,
the Luhansk units were fortified with angrier colleagues from Russia itself.
The shifting attitudes
in Davydiv Brid offer a warning of what may happen in Kherson if Ukraine’s
counter-offensive gathers pace. “Anton”, the pseudonym of a former official who
fled to Krivyi Rih in late May after being asked to head a collaborationist
authority, says Russia has generally tried not to upset locals too much. This
was a conscious decision to co-opt the population, he said. But if that changes
and the occupiers are forced out of Kherson, there is little to hold them back.
Things will turn nasty, and quickly. “The Russians will be angry as hell, and
lash out, but the partisan resistance will be just as fierce,” he said. “The
locals will simply tear the Russians apart.” ■
*This opinion piece is written by Prof. (Dr.) Nagalaxmi M Raman, Director & Head, AIIS
Reference : More Readings:
Ukraine at war | The Economist
A regional capital in Ukraine falls to Russia for the first time | The Economist
Russia says it is changing its war aims in Ukraine | The Economist
